{"id":4404,"date":"2018-11-15T11:10:27","date_gmt":"2018-11-15T11:10:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.havatopraksu.org\/blog\/?p=4404"},"modified":"2018-11-15T11:10:27","modified_gmt":"2018-11-15T11:10:27","slug":"onarici-ve-surdurulebilir-tarimin-farki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.havatopraksu.org\/blog\/2018\/11\/15\/onarici-ve-surdurulebilir-tarimin-farki\/","title":{"rendered":"Onar\u0131c\u0131 ve S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Tar\u0131m\u0131n Fark\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Y\u0131llardan beri konvansiyonel tar\u0131m yap\u0131lan, b\u00f6cek ve ot ilac\u0131 kullan\u0131lan, ticari \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcreten \u00e7iftlikler birdenbire s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir hale gelemez.<\/p>\n

Toprak o kadar hor kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, mikro-organizmalar ve toprak canl\u0131lar\u0131 o kadar fazla hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fki s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir yan\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Toprak ve mikro-organizmalar\u0131n tekrardan hayat bulabilmesi i\u00e7in ilk \u00f6nce onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m<\/strong> yap\u0131lmal\u0131, toprak tekrardan “ger\u00e7ek toprak” olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131llard\u0131r monok\u00fclt\u00fcr yap\u0131lan, \u00e7e\u015fitli sentetik g\u00fcbrelerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, binbir \u00e7e\u015fit b\u00f6cek, mantar, ot ilac\u0131n\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tarla nas\u0131l normale d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir?<\/p>\n

Bu a\u015famada Amerikan Tar\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan (USDA); b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131lara verdi\u011fi zarar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na izin verilmeyen ve bu sebeple de ayr\u0131lan, b\u00f6cek bilimci Jonathan Lundgren<\/a>‘e kulak verelim.<\/p>\n

Lundgren pulluksuz<\/a>, \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkilerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ekim n\u00f6betinin daha da fazla \u00e7e\u015fitlendirildi\u011fi ve tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca azalt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemlerini destekleyen bir bilim insan\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Jonathan Lundgren<\/p><\/div>\n

“Onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m<\/a> tamamen organik bir y\u00f6ntem de\u011fil. Baz\u0131 ila\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor ama ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar g\u00f6steriyor ki o ila\u00e7lar\u0131n zararlar\u0131 faydalar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha fazla” diyor Lundgren.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Lundgren Amerikan Tar\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ypat\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara izin verilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Crowd-sourcing ile bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma-geli\u015ftirme \u00e7iftli\u011fi (Blue Dasher Farm<\/a>) sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015f ve kendi gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen bir ka\u00e7 biliminsan\u0131n\u0131 da etraf\u0131na toplam\u0131\u015f. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan finans almadan ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak imkans\u0131z. Bir de en b\u00fcy\u00fck kimyasal \u00fcreticilerinin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin verdi\u011fi zararlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsan\u0131z, hayat\u0131n\u0131za dahi kas\u0131t gelebilir.<\/p>\n

“Onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m<\/a> sadece pulluksuz ve \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkilerin<\/a> uygulamas\u0131ndan ibaret de\u011fil. Ticari \u00fcr\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fcrken biyo-\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 esas ama\u00e7 ve benim bulgular\u0131ma g\u00f6re tarladaki b\u00f6cek miktar\u0131 da \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131yor. B\u00f6cek miktar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da azalt\u0131yor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc avc\u0131 b\u00f6cekler ve ku\u015flar pop\u00fclasyonu dengede tutuyor” diyor Lundgren.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ekim N\u00f6beti<\/a> bir di\u011fer konu ama ticari \u00e7iftliklerde uygulanan ekim n\u00f6beti \u00e7ok k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131. Soya fas\u00fclyesi ve m\u0131s\u0131r olarak en fazla iki \u00fcr\u00fcn kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Jesse Hall 3 nesildir \u00e7ift\u00e7i ve onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131ma girerek \u00f6nce pulluksuz ve \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkileri kullanm\u0131\u015f. Sonra ekim n\u00f6betinde soya fas\u00fclyesi ve m\u0131s\u0131ra arpay\u0131da eklemi\u015f. Arpa ile birlikte avc\u0131 b\u00f6ceklerin say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnden b\u00f6cek ilac\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltm\u0131\u015f.\"\"<\/a>Jesse Hall iki y\u0131lda topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmi\u015f. Daha iyi su tutan ve g\u00fcbrelerin akiferlere, akarsulara kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen bir toprak yap\u0131s\u0131na kavu\u015fmu\u015f. Babas\u0131n\u0131n ve kendisinin b\u00f6cek ila\u00e7lar\u0131na harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 para azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok mutlu. Ekim n\u00f6betine arpay\u0131 eklemek gibi basit bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik hem topra\u011f\u0131 onar\u0131yor hem de avc\u0131 b\u00f6cekleri \u00e7ekerek giderleri azalt\u0131yor. \u00d6rt\u00fc bitkileri ekip zaman\u0131 gelince de inekleri \u015fi\u015fmanlatmak i\u00e7in otlatmak ek bir gelir elde etmesini de sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Jesse Hall \u00e7iftli\u011finin gelir gider tablolar\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, daha az \u00fcr\u00fcn kald\u0131rmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen k\u00e2r\u0131 iki kat daha fazla \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik bir i\u015f ise k\u00e2r yapmak \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir olay.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yleyse bir kere daha tekrarlayal\u0131m; onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m i\u00e7in at\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ad\u0131mlar:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Pulluksuz tar\u0131m<\/a>; topra\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrerek verdi\u011fimiz zarar \u00e7ok fazla.<\/li>\n
  2. \u00d6rt\u00fc bitkilerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/a>; toprak hi\u00e7 bir zaman \u00e7\u0131plak kalmamal\u0131.<\/li>\n
  3. Ekim N\u00f6beti<\/a> uygulamas\u0131nda biyo-\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00c7ok basit \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de 2 sene de topra\u011f\u0131n d\u00fczelece\u011fini ve akabinde b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanlar\u0131n entegre edilerek gelir kalemlerinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacaks\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

    Onar\u0131c\u0131 Tar\u0131m ile d\u00fczelmeye ba\u015flayan yerlerde be\u015f sene i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131ma<\/a> ge\u00e7er. S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131m d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan girdi olmadan yap\u0131lan tar\u0131md\u0131r ve tar\u0131m yap\u0131lan \u00fcst topra\u011f\u0131n derinli\u011fi gittik\u00e7e artar. Onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m Fukuoka-San’\u0131n Hinayana<\/a> anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131m Mahayana anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Kaynaklar<\/h2>\n

    https:\/\/www.mprnews.org\/story\/2018\/11\/08\/healthy-soil-movement-draws-farmers-not-everyone-digs-it<\/a><\/p>\n

    https:\/\/www.mprnews.org\/story\/2015\/12\/23\/usda-scientist-in-whistleblower-case-starts-research-initiative<\/a><\/p>\n